Legend

Time scale

Era	Period	Epoch	Age	Years ago
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	66 043 000 – 72 100 000
			Campanian	72 100 000 – 83 600 000
			Santonian	83 600 000 – 86 300 000
			Coniacian	86 300 000 – 89 800 000
			Turonian	89 800 000 – 93 900 000
			Cenomanian	93 900 000 – 100 500 000
		Early Cretaceous	Albian	100 500 000 – 113 000 000
			Aptian	113 000 000 – 125 000 000
			Barremian	125 000 000 – 129 400 000
			Hauterivian	129 400 000 – 132 600 000
			Valanginian	132 600 000 – 139 800 000
			Berriasian	139 800 000 – 145 000 000
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	145 000 000 – 152 100 000
			Kimmeridgian	152 100 000 – 157 300 000
			Oxfordian	157 300 000 – 163 500 000
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian	163 500 000 – 166 100 000
			Bathonian	166 100 000 – 168 300 000
			Bajocian	168 300 000 – 170 300 000
			Aalenian	170 300 000 – 174 100 000
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian	174 100 000 – 182 700 000
			Pliensbachian	182 700 000 – 190 800 000
			Sinemurian	190 800 000 – 199 300 000
			Hettangian	199 300 000 – 201 300 000
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201 300 000 – 208 500 000
			Norian	208 500 000 – 227 000 000
			Carnian	227 000 000 – 237 000 000
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237 000 000 – 242 000 000
			Anisian	242 000 000 – 247 200 000
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247 200 000 – 251 200 000
			Induan	251 200 000 – 251 902 000

 

ESR – Estimated size reliability

ESR – Estimated size reliability
0	No estimate, too fragmentary or no measurements etc.
0.5	Very fragmentary, poor material for example only teeth, phalanx etc, or phylogeny is hard to establish.
1
1.5
2	Isolated bones but these can be compared to more complete specimens.
2.5
3	Base on partial skeleton.
3.5	Base on large part of skeleton.
4	Base on nearly complete or complete skeleton.

 

Definitions

 

Definitions
nomen dubium	“doubtful name”: generic name the type specimen of whose type species is too incomplete to be distinguished from like material belonging to at least two otherwise distinct species; a nomen dubium genus may be a synonym of another genus, but its known material is not considered complete enough to formalize such synonymy; being a nomen dubium does not invalidate a name but does render equally doubtful any other taxonomic names based on that genus.
nomen ex dissertatione	“name from dissertation”: generic name created in a dissertation; a particular kind of nomen nudum (see below) excluded from availability because dissertations are not considered publications by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature; because copies of many dissertations are available by purchase to anyone from University Microfilms International, however, generic names created in them are in fact published in accordance with the criteria of the Dinosaur Genera List, so they are listed here when known, and the publication year is the year the document became available from UMI; a nomen ex dissertatione may change when the author formally describes the genus, in which case the replacement name is indicated.
nomen manuscriptum	“manuscript name”: formally unpublished name that appears in a manuscript in preparation for publication that has been made publicly available, for example via the Internet; such a name is here counted as a vernacular name, dated the year the manuscript was first made available; if the name is later formally described, its nomen manuscriptum listing is converted into a valid-name listing, with new author(s) and/or date if necessary; if the name is changed upon formal publication, the old vernacular name is retained in the list, along with a pointer to its new valid name.
nomen nudum	“naked name”: generic name lacking a description and/or a type specimen for its type species; indicated name, when given, is the scientific name subsequently applied to the material; a nomen nudum is treated as a vernacular name and is not valid in scientific nomenclature.
nomen oblitum	“forgotten name”: generic name unused in the scientific literature for at least 50 years after publication and hence at least potentially invalid.
nomen rejectum	“rejected name”: generic name rejected by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in favor of the indicated name; depending on the terms of rejection, a nomen rejectum may or may not be a scientifically valid name.
nomen vanum	It is a term first applied by Simpson (1945:27) for “names the proper application of which cannot now be determined although they fulfill  the requirements of the Rules.”
nomen protectum	name that is protected, against a nomen oblitum.
S >	‘= synonyms- in zoological nomenclature, codified in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, synonyms are different scientific names of the same taxonomic rank that pertain to that same taxon.
nomen ineditum	Informal (unpublished) name that appeared in some online sources, forgotten over the years. Probably to be removed from the Database in the future.

 

Dinosaur speed calculation method

In our database we use the method to calculate the speed proposed by the Molina-Perez and Larramendi.

Formula and Variables

V=(LL×C×SR)×ST

where:

LL is the leg length in millimeters (sum of femur + tibia + metatarsal III lengths).
C is the optimal cadence factor
SR is the optimal stride ratio
ST is the space-time variable, set to 0.0036 to obtain the speed in km/h